I. Nylon 66: Kobaca joogtada ah ee baahida, baaxad weyn oo beddelka soo dejinta

1.1 Naylon 66: Waxqabadka sare, laakiin ma aha alaab cayriin oo isku filan

Naylon waa magaca guud ee polyamide ama PA.Qaab dhismeedka kiimikada waxaa lagu gartaa joogitaanka kooxaha amide ee soo noqnoqda (-[NHCO] -) ee silsiladda ugu weyn ee molecule.Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo kala duwan oo naylon ah, kuwaas oo loo qaybin karo aliphatic PA, aliphatic-aromatic PA iyo aromatic PA iyadoo loo eegayo qaab dhismeedka monomer, kaas oo aliphatic PA si weyn loo heli karo, soo saaray tiro badan oo loo isticmaalo codsiyo badan, gaar ahaan. naylon 6 iyo naylon 66 ka mid ah naylon aliphatic.

Naylon waxay leedahay sifooyin wanaagsan oo wareegsan, oo ay ku jiraan sifooyin farsamo, caabbinta kulaylka, caabbinta abrasion, caabbinta kiimikaad iyo is-saliid, waxayna leedahay isku-dheellitirnaan hoose oo hooseeya, xoogaa olol ah iyo habayn sahlan.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, naylon waxa kale oo uu leeyahay faa'iido darrooyin sida nuugista biyaha sare, kulaylka oo yaraada, qallafsanaanta fudud ee alaabta iyo dhibaatooyinka dumin, kuwaas oo u baahan wax ka beddelka isticmaalka si loo hagaajiyo waxqabadkiisa guud.

Waxaa jira saddex adeegsi oo waaweyn oo naylon ah: 1) dunta naylon madaniga ah: waa la isku dari karaa ama si kali ah loogu miiqsan karaa alaabooyin kala duwan oo caafimaad iyo kuwa tolsan.Fiilaha naylon ah waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa tolida iyo warshadaha xariirta, sida tolida monofilament, sharabaadada xariirta laastikada ah iyo noocyada kale ee dharka u adkeysiga naylon sharabaadada, naylon sarongs, shabagga kaneecada, shalash naylon, naylon laastikada ah dharka dibadda, noocyo kala duwan oo xariir naylon ah ama. alaabta xariirta isku xidhan.Naylon-ka suufka ah ayaa inta badan lagu dhex daraa dhogorta ama fiilooyinka kiimikaad ee kale si loo sameeyo dhar adag oo kala duwan.2) Madow warshadeed: Warshadaha, naylon waxaa loo isticmaalaa tiro aad u badan oo laga sameeyo xadhkaha taayirka, dharka warshadaha, fiilooyinka, suumanka qaada, teendhada, shabaqyada kalluumaysiga, iwm. Ciidanka, inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa baarashuudka iyo alaabada kale ee baarashuudka.(3) Bacaha Injineerinka: waxaa lagu farsameeyaa noocyo kala duwan oo badeecooyin ah si loogu beddelo birta, oo si weyn looga isticmaalo warshadaha baabuurta iyo gaadiidka.Alaabooyinka caadiga ah waa matoorada bamka, marawaxada, kuraasta valve, bushings, biraha, qalabyada kala duwan, qalabka korontada, qalabka qaboojiyaha kulul iyo qabow iyo qaybo kale.

Naylon-ka ugu badan ee la isticmaalo waa naylon 6 iyo naylon 66, in kasta oo waxqabadkooda iyo aagagga codsigooda ay leeyihiin isugeyn weyn, laakiin marka la eego, naylon 66 waa ka xoog badan yahay, iska caabin wanaagsan oo xirashada, dareen jilicsan, waxqabadka guud ee wanaagsan, laakiin jilicsan, ma fududa in la midabeeyo iyo qiimuhu wuu ka sarreeyaa naylon 6. Naylon 6 wuu ka xoog yar yahay, wuu ka jilicsan yahay, iska caabbinta xidhashadu way ka sii daran tahay naylon 66, marka aad la kulanto heerkul hooseeya xilliga jiilaalka, fududahay in la jabiyo, qiimuhu inta badan wuu ka hooseeyaa naylon 66, kharash-ku-ool ah.qiimuhu inta badan wuu ka hooseeyaa kan naylon 66, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid kharash badan leh.Sidaa darteed, naylon 6 wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyin badan oo ku saabsan duurka madaniga ah, iyo naylon 66 waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin badan oo ku saabsan xariirka warshadaha iyo balaastigga injineernimada, gaar ahaan habka hoose ee naylon 66 ee beerta baabuurta, naylon 66 ayaa loo isticmaali karaa xaalado aad u badan. ka badan naylon 6.

Marka la eego qaabka sahayda iyo dalabaadka, naylon 6 iyo naylon 66 ayaa iyaguna aad uga duwan.Marka hore, cabbirka suuqa ee naylon 6 wuu ka weyn yahay kan naylon 66, iyadoo baahida muuqata ee naylon 6 chips ee Shiinaha lagu qiyaasay 3.2 milyan oo tan sanadka 2018, marka la barbar dhigo 520,000 tan oo naylon 66. Intaa waxaa dheer, naylon 6 ee Shiinaha iyo korkeeda. Kaprolactam alaabta ceeriin asal ahaan waa isku filan yihiin, iyadoo heerka isku filnaanta ee naylon 6 uu gaaray in ka badan 91% iyo caprolactam 93%;si kastaba ha ahaatee, heerka isku filnaanta ee naylon 66 waa 64% oo kaliya, halka ku tiirsanaanta soo dejinta ee kaprolactam alaabta ceeriin ee sare ay tahay mid aad u sareysa 100%.Marka loo eego aragtida beddelka soo dejinta, baaxadda beddelka soo dejinta ee silsiladda warshadaha naylon 66 ayaa iska cad inay aad uga weyn tahay tan naylon 6. Warbixintani waxay diiradda saaraysaa saamaynta suurtagalka ah ee saadka, baahida iyo tignoolajiyada naylon 66 iyo alaabteeda sare ee ceeriin. , adiponitrile, oo ku saabsan ecology ee warshadaha.

Nylon 66 waxaa laga helay kondensation-ka adipic acid iyo adipic diamine ee saamiga 1:1 molar.Adipic acid waxaa guud ahaan soo saara hydrogenation of benzene saafi ah oo ay ku xigto oksidation leh nitric acid.Tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka ee adipic acid ee Shiinaha waa mid bislaaday waxaana jira awood xad dhaaf ah.

2018, baahida muuqata ee adipic acid ee Shiinaha waxay ahayd 340,000 tan wax soo saarka qarankuna wuxuu ahaa 310,000 tan, oo leh heerka isku filnaanta ee in ka badan 90%.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax soo saarka warshadaha ee hexamethylene diamine ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba ku salaysan hydrogenation ee adiponitrile, kaas oo hadda la keeno Shiinaha, sidaas darteed warshadaha nylon 66 waa asal ahaan gebi ahaanba hoos yimaada kooxaha ajnabiga ah ee adiponitrile.Iyadoo la tixgelinayo ganacsiga dhow ee tignoolajiyada adiponitrile gudaha, waxaan aaminsanahay in beddelka soo dejinta ee adiponitrile ay horseedi doonto isbeddel qoto dheer oo ku yimaada warshadaha naylon 66 sanadaha soo socda.

1.2 Nylon 66 sahayda iyo baahida: oligopoly iyo ku tiirsanaanta sare ee soo dejinta

Isticmaalka muuqda ee naylon 66 gudaha Shiinaha wuxuu ahaa 520,000 tan sanadka 2018, taasoo ka dhigan qiyaastii 23% wadarta isticmaalka caalamiga ah.Bacaha injineernimada ayaa lagu tiriyaa 49%, maddooyinka warshadaha ee 34%, dunta madaniga ah ee 13% iyo codsiyada kale ee 4%.Balaastigga injineernimada ayaa ah kan ugu hooseeya ee naylon 66, iyada oo ku dhawaad ​​47% naylon 66 balaastikada injineernimada loo isticmaalo warshadaha baabuurta, oo ay ku xigto koronto iyo elektiroonig (28%) iyo gaadiidka tareenka (25%)

Gawaarida ayaa sii ahaanaysa darawalka ugu weyn ee baahida naylon 66, iyadoo diirada la saarayo hufnaanta shidaalka iyo dhimista qiiqa baabuurta taasoo kaxaynaysa doorbidida balaastikada miisaanka fudud ee biraha xulashada agabka soosaarayaasha baabuurta.Nylon 66 waa walxo fudud oo leh sifooyin kulayl aad u fiican, taas oo ka dhigaysa doorasho caan ah oo loogu talagalay soosaarayaasha baabuurta waxaana loo adeegsadaa codsiyo badan oo gawaarida gawaarida ah.Barkinta hawadu sidoo kale waa aagga ugu weyn ee laga codsado naylon 66 fiilooyinka warshadaha.Baahida ballaaran ee warshadaha baabuurta ayaa la filayaa inay kiciso kobaca suuqa naylon 66.

Naylon 66 waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in wax soo saarka ee korantada iyo qaybaha dahaarka elektarooniga ah, qaybaha qalabka elektarooniga ah saxda ah, nalalka korontada, makiinada bariiska, hoovers koronto, kuleyliyaha cuntada elektarooniga ah inta jeer ee soo noqnoqda, iwm Nylon 66 sidoo kale waxay leedahay iska caabin aad u fiican in ay alxanka iyo waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa in soo saarida sanduuqyada isku xirka, furayaasha iyo iska caabiyeyaasha.Naylon retardant ololka 66 ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa soo saarista fiilooyinka siliga ee menu-ka, kaydiyeyaasha iyo burooyinka diiradda.

Jidadka tareenada ayaa ah goobta saddexaad ee ugu weyn ee laga dalbado naylon 66 balaastikada injineernimada.Naylon fiber-ka lagu xoojiyay 66 waa mid xoog badan, iftiin leh, xidhan adkaysi u leh, daxalka adkaysi u leh, fududahay in la sameeyo, wax laga beddelay adkaynta, cimilada iyo dahaarka, waxaana si isa soo taraysa loogu isticmaalaa xadiidka xawaaraha sare leh iyo warshadaha metro.

Warshadaha naylon 66 waxay leeyihiin sifooyin oligopoly ah oo caadi ah, oo leh wax soo saarka caalamiga ah ee naylon 66 oo inta badan ku urursan ganacsiyada waaweyn sida INVISTA iyo Shenma, sidaa darteed caqabadaha gelitaanka ayaa aad u sarreeya, gaar ahaan qaybta alaabta ceyriinka ee korka ee silsiladda warshadaha.Dhanka baahida, in kasta oo heerka kobaca warshadaha dunta iyo baabuurta ee caalamiga ah iyo Shiinaha ay hoos u dhici doonaan 2018-2019, mustaqbalka fog waxaan aaminsanahay in kororka awoodda isticmaalka dadweynaha iyo kororka lahaanshaha baabuur kasta ay wali keeni doonto. qolal badan oo baahida dunta iyo baabuurta.Nylon 66 ayaa la filayaa inuu sii wado kobac joogto ah dhowrka sano ee soo socda, marka la eego qaabka saadka ee hadda jira, waxaa jira baaxad badan oo loogu talagalay beddelka soo dejinta Shiinaha.